Nouns

Nouns from Verbs

Nouns are often constructed from their corresponding verb stems.

The basics of nouns from verbs

To adapt a verb stem into a noun, $V_n$ will be modified accordingly. $C_1{V}_1{C}_2{V}_2{C}_3$ It is apparent that $V_0$ is completely removed from the word. This makes sense as it would indicate the verb class, which doesn’t exist anymore in nouns. The remaining vowels will be adapted to form a noun instead of a verb. For this, $V_1$ and $V_2$ change their meaning: The first vowel indicates the noun class and the second vowel shows the grammatical number.

independent nouns

do not exist

Every noun can be built from a verb.

Example: “house”

Verb Class	Meaning
state verb	”being a house to something”
cognition verb	?
transfer verb	”switching houses”

Proper nouns

only exist in a sense: No proper nouns exist by default, but can be “assigned” and used as usual nouns that act like nouns with indeterminate number.

Noun classes

(usually representing “gender”)

Form	$V_1$
1	ɥ (→y)
2	ä
3m.anim	ei
3f.anim	eu
3n.anim	e
3inanim	ɔ
PASS	ə

Grammatical number

The grammatical number is always indicated in the noun.

Grammatical number	$V_2$
singular	ɔ
dual	ä
paucal	jɔ
plural	jä
indeterminate	ə
uncountably many	e:
total	ɑ:
If the indeterminate number is used, a suffix can be added: The number word (changed slightly). This indicates the “amount” of some noun.

Cases

Ergative-absolutive alignment(?) TODO inform

Cases align with the grammatical number of the noun. The indeterminate number does not have an associated suffix beyond the general one, only SG and PL are specified further.
SG- and PL-suffixes are not specific to cases because it would complicate the language a lot while not adding a lot of meaning.

Work in progress:

Case	meaning	general suffix	SG-suffix	PL-suffix
Absolutive	intransitive subject/transitive direct object	-$\varnothing$
Ergative	transitive subject	-a
Dative	affected	-o
Local Genitive	pertaining to a place	-eʃ
Possesive Genitive	pertaining to a being	-eʒ
Comitative	”with”
Benefactive	”for”
Causal	cause, reason for something
Instrumental	”by, via”
Inessive	place where/time when
Ablative	from
Allative	to
Terminative	up to limit
This should be more than enough cases. If it seems like something cannot be easily expressed, more cases may be added.

TODO many many affixes

Numbers

Numbers are not quite nouns, as they do not have associated gender or grammatical number.

The structure of numbers is as follows: TODO